While each fuel has some distinct advantages, hydrogen offers some unique advantages. Government policy will be briefly referenced, but not detailed. Dec 16, 2019 list of disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cells. The main advantage to hydrogen is its almost unlimited availability. For hydrogen fuel cells, there is a potential risk of flammability and liquid hydrogen can cause freeze burns, but the other risks are not as severe. Hydrogen has been hailed as the key to a clean energy future primarily because it. What are the advantages of using hydrogen as the fuel gas. Flex fuel vehicles, as duel fuel vehicles, have an internal combustion engine capable of functioning with a mixture of fuels. The burning of hydrocarbons contribute to the green house effect and other environmental issues such as acid rain, destruction of natural areas such as the rain forest in search of more oilfossil fuel deposits. Pdf advantages and disadvantages of diesel single and. A fuel cell generates electricity by converting hydrogen and oxygen into water. Nov 10, 2012 hydrogen as a fuel has a extremely high btu value, does not emit nitrogen or sulfur oxides and burns very hot. At the end we will compare it as a fuel with petrol.
Now, a year or so before developments in the industry will allow for greater domestic use, we must consider the many benefits and drawbacks of such a new and innovative system. May 06, 2020 the main challenge in realizing the full potential of hydrogen fueled cars is extracting the fuel source in a clean, renewable manner. The electrodes of fuel cells do not get depleted during the process of generating electricity. What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen fuel. Fuel cells and rechargeable batteries level 8 chemistry. Hydrogen fuel cells do not create harmful emissions when consumed. Therefore, the advantages of the hydrogen economy include. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. However, it can also trigger problems to the environment and even to humans. Good reliability quality of power provided does not degrade over time. Hydrogen fuel advantages and disadvantages monday, 22 november 2010 12. Compared to diesel or gas, hydrogen is much more fuel efficient as it can produce more energy per pound of fuel. If youre fueling a rocket, hydrogen is the most efficient chemical rocket fuel. Advantages of use of hydrogen fuel as compared to kerosene article in resources conservation and recycling 442.
To compare the numerical model with the expect i sp range, jp7 and lh 2 were chosen for the simulation. Because of its higher thermal conductivity, hydrogen achieves the best heat transfer from the flame to the powder particles despite having an overall lower flame temperature in comparison with the conventional hydrocarbon fuels. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the hydrogen. Why battery packs are winning over hydrogen fuel cells for both cars and energy duration.
Hydrogen fuel can provide power for cars, aeroplanes, boats, stationary or portable fuel cell application, which can power an electric motor. As a result, hydrogen is a much better fuel for the environment. Alternative fuels is a name given to a specific group of fuel sources in 1992 by the united states department of energy. Hydrogen and fuel cell benefits connecticut hydrogen.
Advantages of the hydrogen economy how the hydrogen economy. Companies developing hydrogen fuel cells for cars lovetoknow. In fact, liquid hydrogen weighs less than petroleumbased fuels. Clearly, if it made sense overall, cars would be using it today. It is 3 times more powerful than most fossil based fuel sources so less hydrogen is required to perform the same tasks. Also, burning or reacting hydrogen with oxygen runs electric motors and. Advantages of the use of hydrogen fuel as compared to. Hydrogen fuel cells can be produced from renewable resources, such as solar energy or water. Benefits of the hydrogen economy hydrogen energy center. Fuel cells, what is a fuel cell, disadvantages, benefits. Therefore, the size of a gasoline tank is three times less the amount, compared to a liquid hydrogen tank. Benefits and disadvantages fuel cells university of. The hydrogen energy center is building on the benefits of hydrogen to realize a sustainable energy economy.
Here in this article we will try to understand all the pros and cons of liquefied petroleum gas. Types of alternative fuels include biodiesel, electricity, methanol and ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, propane and new fuels still under development, called emerging fuels. In addition, in warm countries, they use hydrogen energy as the main solution in pollution issues. Hydrogen h 2 is an alternative fuel that can be produced from diverse domestic resources. It is also a fuel option that comes with its own unique set of risks. Alkaline fuel cell an overview sciencedirect topics. Advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen energy boiler guide. However, nitrogen compounds are comparable to petrol. Table 3 possible storage forms for hydrogen storage form advantages disadvantages compressed gas reliable. Hydrogen is the simplest element because it consists of a single electron and proton. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using.
Electrical current is produced when electrons are freed during the process, which is clean, quiet, and more efficient than burning fuels. It is very difficult to store hydrogen in either cryogenic tank or highpressure tank which is the main problem of using hydrogen fuel cell in cars. Unlike batteries, fuel cells do not run down or require recharging. That means it is also the most plentiful element that we know of in the universe today. Even though it has disadvantages, it can still help them in performing their job and finish it properly. In the hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen react to form water as a byproduct. However, hydrogen has both distinct advantages and disadvantages as a fuel. There are 15 key advantages and disadvantages to consider for the hydrogen fuel cells. If the process were really simple, then a lot would have been doing it with relative ease, but its not. The potential for fuel cells to provide zero or nearzero emissions has been a significant force in the development of the technology over the past 30 years, and is drawing increasing attention to the technology today. As more companies look for alternative energy sources, including solar and battery powered vehicles, those who seek to promote the use of hydrogen fuel must do a more than adequate job of getting the facts out to the public.
Although some of the fuel cells attributes are only valid for some applications, most advantages are more general. For such a new automotive concept, there are already many elements to be examined when considering hydrogen fuel disadvantages and advantages. High efficiency when utilizing cogeneration, fuel cells can attain over 80% energy efficiency. It uses an aqueous waterbased electrolyte solution of potassium hydroxide koh in a porous stabilized matrix. That also means it is the most plentiful element of which we have access today. It contains very less amount of carbon in it, hence lpg powered vehicles produce almost 50% less co2 than petrol. Flex fuel vehicles normally run on a mixture of either ethanol or methanol and gasoline. Advantages and disadvantages of fuel cell vehicles youtube.
Major car manufacturers have already produced concept cars powered by fuel cells, the volkswagen tiguan hymotion and the chevrolet equinox fuel cell suv are two examples, and at least one hydrogen fuel cell. Hydrogen use objectives at the completion of this module, the technician will understand. Advantages and disadvantages of alcohol fuels lpg advantages and disadvantages disadvantages of hydrogen fuel. The core of the research concerns the advantages of hydrogen and the current progress related to the disadvantages of hydrogen as a transportation fuel. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode. Along with hybridelectric and allelectric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell systems are a popular subject of discussion. Flame temperature of hydrogen is high, so the emission of nox also high. Students can work as a pair or alone to work out the answers. The advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels show us that the choices we face in the future for fuel consumption are going to be difficult. What are the advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel. Start studying apes advantagesdisadvantages energy sources. Afcs have been used in the us space program since the 1960s to produce electricity and fresh water for spacecraft.
Fuel cells introduction fuel cells generate electricity from an electrochemical reaction in which oxygen from air and a fuel e. The advantages of fuel cells a fuel cell can convert more than 90% of the energy contained in a fuel into electrical energy and heat. This completely defeats the purpose of an alternative energy source. There are a number of different ways of making hydrogen, including electrolysis of water. Fossil fuels are still needed in order to separate the atoms of the hydrogen and oxygen and actually generate hydrogen fuel, fossil fuels are needed. This work presents a perspective on the production and use of hydrogen as an automotive fuel. Educationfinally, consumers must be educated on the howtos and the advantages of using hydrogen fuel cells. At the extreme small scale, fossil fuels could be reformed to hydrogen on board a fuel cell vehicle, but the systems are complex and costly. More detailed information is available in the applications section, which offers information specific to each industry. Basic fuel cells running on pure hydrogen are pollution free, giving off only electricity, water, and heat. Hydrogen is the most common type of fuel used in a fuel cell but methane and methanol can also be used. Hydrogen energy is great and it is highly beneficial.
Advantages of the hydrogen economy how the hydrogen. Hydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies. Advantages and disadvantages of diesel single and dual fuel engines article pdf available in frontiers in mechanical engineering 5. Fossils fuels are the driving force of our technological progress.
Yeah, hydrogen is here, but it is all bound up with other atoms. The advantages and disadvantages of liquid hydrogen liquid. This could be useful for buildings as a source of electricity or heat. The disadvantages and advantages of hydrogen fuel cells show us that it can be a versatile fuel option for many industries. The by products of the fuel cell process are water and heat. Here are the three main disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cells. Your gas tank already uses a nice portion of your car, but a hydrogen fuel cell will be three times bigger than a gas tank. The advantages and disadvantages of liquid hydrogen. Jun 03, 2012 if truth be told, there are very minor disadvantages of liquid hydrogen that can be easily improved as the years go on. Oct 20, 2016 hydrogen h2 is extremely useful, and in other ways besides use in fuel. Advantages and disadvantages of a fuel cell vehicle.
This means h2 is an inefficient use of energy and will never be a serious fuel. When hydrogen is burned, the only emission it makes is water vapor, so a key advantage of hydrogen is that when burned, carbon dioxide co2 is not produced. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cellsalso called proton exchange membrane fuel cellsdeliver high power density and offer the advantages of low weight and volume compared with other fuel cells. This particular hydrogen train is based on fuel cell technology that uses pure hydrogen as a fuel to generate ele. The biggest challenge not how to use it, store it, transport it, etc. An important step in this direction has been the development of a device called a fuel cell, which generates electricity using hydrogen. In the same way that electric vehicles are a source of pollution if they are charged with electricity from a coal fired power plant, hydrogen that is extracted from that same electricity can also result in pollution. Emits only water vapour, assuming there is no leakage of hydrogen gas it can store up to 3x as much energy as.
Hydrogen fuel cell definition, production, advantages. Whilst hydrogen as a fuel can be produced in an ecofriendly way but isnt currently. Whereas coal, fossil fuels, and other energy sources create greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen combustion results solely in heat and water. Size reduction fuel cells are significantly lighter and more compact. The use of a fuel cell eliminates the nitrous oxide emissions.
As such hydrogen has an important role in the future as a replacement for imported petroleum, used currently in cars and trucks, but it has the following disadvantages. The hydrogen economy promises to eliminate all of the problems that the fossil fuel economy creates. Difficult to store if hydrogen is kept in a gas phase, bulk fuel storage pressure vessels is required. The alkaline fuel cell afc is a very efficient fuel cell that requires pure hydrogen fuel and pure oxygen. One of the most heralded benefits of hydrogen is that it is a cleanburning fuel. Fuel cells combine a fuel usual hydrogen in some form with an oxidizing agent usually oxygen. The fuel cell has to be insulated to keep it safe and protected. Fuel cells have a higher efficiency than diesel or gas engines. Advantages and disadvantages of a fuel cell vehicle most people are familiar with the type of electric car that uses a battery instead of an engine to provide power to the wheels. Expensive to manufacture due the high cost of catalysts platinum lack of infrastructure to support the distribution of hydrogen. Alkaline fuel cells have as electrolyte an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide.
If fuel cells operate at high temperatures the system can be set up as a cogenerator, with the waste energy used for heating. Hydrogen can be up to twice as efficient as gasoline. Fossil fuels are a technology that is globally developed. It is necessary to insert the hydrogen gas at the anode and to insert the oxygen gas at the cathode, as shown in fig. Advantages and disadvantages of diesel fuel diesel fuel as well as other fuels is not ideal, therefore, it has both its advantages and disadvantages. Hydrogen fuel cells can be produced without emissions. There are a few advantages and a host of serious disadvantages.
One atom contains just a single proton and electron. More uniform heating is possible due to random movement of gases equally in all parts of the vessel. A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. If we ran out of fossil fuels we would no longer be able to produce hydrogen energy. Interestingly enough, hydrogen doesnt actually occur naturally on our planet as a gas.
The fuel cells are arranged in stacks in order to provide enough electricity to power a vehicle. A life cycle assessment lca study has been carried out to investigate the environmental aspects of two types of aviation fuel, kerosene that is presently used and hydrogen. Hydrogen has greater efficiency over an internal combustion engine. In recent years, several options have emerged for powering car without using fossil fuels. It can cause political tensionswars between countries e.
The elimination of pollution caused by fossil fuels when hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to create power, it is a completely clean technology. These are the primary advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cells to consider. Current manufacturing processes are expensive and energy in. These fuel cells offer a better overall fuel economy. Gaseous fuel burn instantaneously, and thus rate of combustion can be controlled easily. Because it is such a high energy resource, nasa has used liquid hydrogen as a fuel since the 1970s.
The main advantages of fuel cells over other means of generating power is. Before talking about pros and cons of hydrogen based trains, we must first look at what is the driving principle behind such a train. Clearly, hydrogen is less of a pollutant in the air because it omits little tail pipe pollution. Fuel cells have various advantages compared to conventional power sources, such as internal combustion engines or batteries. Covers the advantages and gives details of each of the advantages. The efficiencies of fuel cells are therefore substantially higher than those of ices. Gaseous fuels and advantages and disadvantages, biology. Learn more about the following types of fuel cells. This is due to hydrogen s low molecular mass and high combustion temperature. The electricity produced can be used to power cars, buses, laptops and mobile. As long as the chemicals are present, the fuel cell will function.
Hydrogen fuel cells advantages and disadvantages popular. Although hydrogen is in its infancy in the market as a transportation fuel, government and industry are working toward clean, economical, and safe hydrogen production and distribution for widespread use in fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs. Hydrogen is selected as a future aircraft fuel because of the absence of co 2 emissions from its use, its high energy content and its combustion kinetics. This is because petroleumbased products are used in the production of the fuel cells, leading to greenhouse gas emissions.
Usually, this solution has a concentration of around 30%. You can only drive for a certain number of hours before the battery runs out of power and needs to be recharged again. Dec 10, 2011 card sort on the advantages of fuel cells, as opposed to conventional batteriews and fuel used within a car. A lot of the currently available fuel cell technology is in the prototype stage and not yet validated.
Advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen as fuel in ic. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes. Advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells lorecentral. Hydrogen is the simplest element that we know of in the universe today. The hydrogen oxygen fuel cella hydrogen oxygen fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that is, it efficiently converts chemical energy in fuels directly to electrical energy normally, fuels are burned and the heat and steam emitted is used to power generators, which. Ironically, hydrogen which is of such benefit environmentally when used in a fuel cell, is also its greatest liability in that it is difficult to manufacture and store. Before you buy one petroleum product or another, getting to know with its string and weak points is a good idea. This is helped by the fact that hydrogen fuel cells are 4060% efficient when generating electricity, compared to internal combustion engines which are 3035% efficient. On the downside, the amount of equipment required for the amount of hydrogen produced is significantly higher than for large scale facilities, due to the economy of scale. A good reason for this is that it takes a lot of time to separate the element from others. This means that if a car is fueled by hydrogen, it can go farther than a vehicle loaded with the same amount of fuel but using a more traditional source of energy. The key to making this possible is the fuel cell, which is the energy conversion system that can easily absorb and use the power of hydrogen. Now we are looking at the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cells to see if they would be useful in other vehicles or situations. The advantages of using hydrogen fuel cells are that they are an alternative fuel to fossil fuels, like coal, oil and gas.
This is why hydrogen is used in space exploration to fuel spaceships, aeroplanes, boats, cars and fuel cells. Advantages and disadvantages in using gaseous fuels. Apes advantagesdisadvantages energy sources quizlet. Advantages of use of hydrogen fuel as compared to kerosene. Hydrogen is incredibly dense in energy and is able to provide a lot of power. When its burned it lets off hydrogen which bonds with the oxygen in the air and turns into water vapour. Flex fuel vehicles are therefore not the same as bi fuel vehicles, which have separate tanks for each different fuel type they use. It also has the best and highest energytoweight ratio of all fuels. This section will cover hydrogen fuel cells, rechargeable batteries, and their respective advantages and disadvantages. Hydrogen s chemical and physical properties make it a good contender for fuel. Jul 19, 2017 hydrogen fuel cell is an energy conversion device that uses the power of hydrogen effectively.